Isiphumo sokusebenza kwesixokelelwano sesandi simiselwa ngokudibeneyo sisixhobo somthombo wesandi kunye nenqanaba elilandelayo logxininiso lwesandi, olubandakanya umthombo wesandi, uthungelwano, izixhobo ezijikelezayo, ukuqinisa isandi kunye nezixhobo zoqhagamshelo.

1. Inkqubo yomthombo wesandi

I-microphone iyikhonkco yokuqala yenkqubo yokuqinisa isandi okanye inkqubo yokurekhoda, kwaye umgangatho wayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wenkqubo yonke.Iimakrofoni zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-wireless kunye ne-wireless ngokwendlela yokuhanjiswa komqondiso.

Iimakrofoni ezingenazingcingo zifanelekile ngokukodwa ekuthatheni imithombo yesandi esiphathwayo.Ukuze kube lula ukuthabatha isandi sezihlandlo ezahlukahlukeneyo, inkqubo nganye yemakrofoni engenazingcingo inokuxhotyiswa ngemakrofoni ephathwayo kunye neLavalier microphone.Kuba istudiyo sinenkqubo yokuqinisa isandi ngaxeshanye, ukuze uthintele impendulo ye-acoustic, imakrofoni ephathwayo engenazingcingo kufuneka isebenzise imakrofoni yokuthetha ngokusondeleyo ye-cardioid unidirectional ukuze kuthathwe intetho kunye nokucula.Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yemakrofoni engenazingcingo kufuneka yamkele itekhnoloji yokwamkela ukwahlukahlukana, engenakuphucula kuphela ukuzinza kwesiginali efunyenweyo, kodwa inokunceda ekupheliseni i-angle efileyo kunye nendawo eyimfama yesiginali efunyenweyo.

I-microphone enentambo ine-multi-function, i-multi-occasion, i-multi-grade microphone configuration.Ukuthathwa kolwimi okanye umxholo wokucula, ii-microphone ze-cardioid condenser zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kunye ne-microphone ezinxitywayo ze-electret nazo zinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinemithombo yesandi esisigxina;I-microphone-type-super-directional condenser microphone ingasetyenziselwa ukuthatha iziphumo zokusingqongileyo;izixhobo ze-percussion zidla ngokusetyenziswa ii-microphone zekhoyili ezishukumayo;ii-microphone ze-condenser eziphezulu zeentambo, iikhibhodi kunye nezinye izixhobo zomculo;imibhobho ye-high-directivity close-talk inokusetyenziswa xa iimfuno zengxolo yokusingqongileyo ziphezulu;Imayikrofoni yecondenser enenqaku elinye yegooseneck kufuneka isetyenziswe kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubhetyebhetye lwabadlali beqonga elikhulu .

Inombolo kunye nohlobo lwee-microphone zingakhethwa ngokweemfuno zangempela zesayithi.

2. Inkqubo yokulungisa

Inxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yokulungisa i-mixer, enokuthi ikhulise, inciphise, kwaye ilungelelanise ngokuguquguqukayo igalelo lesandi somthombo wesandi seempawu zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye nokuphazamiseka;sebenzisa i-equalizer eqhotyoshelweyo ukucubungula ibhendi nganye yefrikhwensi yomqondiso;Emva kokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wokuxuba wesignali yeshaneli nganye, ishaneli nganye yabelwe kwaye ithunyelwe kwisiphelo ngasinye sokufumana;lawula isiginali yokuqinisa isandi esiphilayo kunye nesiginali yokurekhoda.

Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa usebenzisa umxube.Okokuqala, khetha icandelo legalelo elinomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala izibuko kunye nempendulo yefrikhwensi ebanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Unokukhetha nokuba kufakwe i-microphone okanye igalelo lomgca.Igalelo ngalinye lineqhosha lokulawula inqanaba eliqhubekayo kunye ne-48V phantom power switch..Ngale ndlela, inxalenye yegalelo yetshaneli nganye inokwandisa inqanaba lesignali yegalelo ngaphambi kokusebenza.Okwesibini, ngenxa yeengxaki zengxelo yengxelo kunye nokujongwa kwembuyekezo yeqonga ekuqiniseni isandi, Ukulinganisa ngakumbi kwamacandelo egalelo, iziphumo ezincedisayo kunye neziphumo zeqela, ngcono, kwaye ulawulo lufanelekile.Okwesithathu, ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweprogram, umxube unokuxhotyiswa ngezixhobo ezimbini eziphambili kunye nokulinda amandla, kwaye unokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo.Lungisa kwaye ulawule isigaba somqondiso wesandi), igalelo kunye ne-output ports zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo iisokethi ze-XLR.

3. Izixhobo zeperipheral

Ukomelezwa kwesandi kwisiza kufuneka kuqinisekise inqanaba loxinzelelo lwesandi esikhulu ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kokuvelisa ingxelo ye-acoustic, ukuze izithethi kunye nezandisi zamandla zikhuselwe.Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kugcinwe ukucaca kwesandi, kodwa kwakhona ukwenza ukusilela kokuqina kwesandi, kuyafuneka ukuba kufakwe izixhobo zokulungisa umsindo phakathi komxube kunye neamplifier yamandla, njengezilinganisi, abacinezeli bempendulo. , iicompressors, exciters, izahluli zamaza, Umsasazi wesandi.

Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokucinezela impendulo kusetyenziselwa ukucinezela impendulo yesandi, ukwenza iziphene zesandi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukucaca kwesandi.I-compressor isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-amplifier yamandla ayiyi kubangela ukugqithiswa okanye ukuphazamiseka xa idibana nencopho enkulu yesignali yokufaka, kwaye inokukhusela i-amplifier yamandla kunye nezithethi.I-exciter isetyenziselwa ukuhombisa umphumo wesandi, oko kukuthi, ukuphucula umbala wesandi, ukungena, kunye ne-stereo Sense, ukucaca kunye ne-bass effect.I-frequency divider isetyenziselwa ukuthumela imiqondiso yeebhendi zamaza ahlukeneyo kwii-amplifiers zamandla ezihambelanayo, kwaye i-amplifiers yamandla ikhulisa imiqondiso yesandi kwaye ikhuphe kwizithethi.Ukuba ufuna ukuvelisa inkqubo yesiphumo sobugcisa obuphezulu, kuyafaneleka ngakumbi ukusebenzisa i-crossover ye-elektroniki ye-3-segment kuyilo lwenkqubo yokuqinisa isandi.

Kukho iingxaki ezininzi kufakelo lwenkqubo yomsindo.Ukuqwalaselwa okungafanelekanga kwendawo yokudibanisa kunye nokulandelelana kwezixhobo ze-peripheral kubangela ukungasebenzi ngokwaneleyo kwezixhobo, kwaye nokuba izixhobo zitshiswa.Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ze-peripheral kufuna ngokubanzi umyalelo: i-equalizer ifumaneka emva komxube;kwaye umcinezeli wempendulo akufuneki abekwe phambi kwesilinganisi.Ukuba i-feedback suppressor ibekwe phambi kwe-equalizer, kunzima ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo impendulo ye-acoustic, engafanelekanga kwi-Feedback suppressor adjustment;i-compressor kufuneka ibekwe emva kwe-equalizer kunye ne-feedback suppressor, kuba umsebenzi oyintloko we-compressor ukucinezela izibonakaliso ezigqithisileyo kunye nokukhusela i-amplifier yamandla kunye nezithethi;i-exciter ixhunyiwe phambi kwe-amplifier yamandla;I-crossover ye-elektroniki idibaniswe phambi kwe-amplifier yamandla njengoko kufuneka.

Ukwenza inkqubo erekhodiweyo ifumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, i-compressor parameters kufuneka ilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo.Emva kokuba i-compressor ingena kwisimo esicinezelweyo, iya kuba nefuthe elitshabalalisayo kwisandi, ngoko zama ukuphepha i-compressor kwimeko ecinezelweyo ixesha elide.Umgaqo osisiseko wokudibanisa i-compressor kumjelo oyintloko wokwandisa kukuba izixhobo ze-peripheral emva kwakhe akufanele zibe nomsebenzi wokunyusa umqondiso kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngaphandle koko i-compressor ayikwazi ukudlala indima yokukhusela nonke.Kungenxa yoko le nto i-equalizer kufuneka ibekwe phambi komcinezeli wengxelo, kwaye icompressor ibekwe emva komcinezeli wengxelo.

I-exciter isebenzisa i-psychoacoustic phenomena yomntu ukwenza amacandelo e-harmonic aphezulu-frequency ngokokuphindaphinda okusisiseko kwesandi.Ngexesha elifanayo, umsebenzi wokwandisa i-frequency ephantsi unokudala amacandelo atyebileyo aphantsi kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ithoni.Ke ngoko, umqondiso wesandi oveliswa yi-exciter unebhendi ebanzi kakhulu.Ukuba i-frequency band yecompressor ibanzi kakhulu, kunokwenzeka ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba i-exciter idityaniswe phambi kwecompressor.

I-electronic frequency divider iqhagamshelwe phambi kwe-amplifier yamandla njengoko ifuneka ukuhlawula iziphene ezibangelwa yimo engqongileyo kunye nokuphendula rhoqo kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yesandi seprogram;eyona nto ingalunganga kukuba uqhagamshelo kunye nolungiso luyingxaki kwaye kulula ukwenza iingozi.Okwangoku, iiprosesa zomsindo wedijithali ziye zavela, ezidibanisa le misebenzi ingentla, kwaye ingaba nengqondo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye iphezulu ekusebenzeni.

4. Inkqubo yokuqinisa isandi

Inkqubo yokuqinisa isandi kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ukuba kufuneka ihlangabezane namandla esandi kunye nokufana kwebala lesandi;ukumiswa okuchanekileyo kwezithethi eziphilileyo kunokuphucula ukucaca kokuqiniswa kwesandi, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla omsindo kunye nempendulo ye-acoustic;Amandla ombane ewonke enkqubo yokuqinisa isandi kufuneka agcinelwe i-30% -50 % yamandla agciniweyo;sebenzisa ii-headphones esweni ezingenazingcingo.

5. Uqhagamshelo lwenkqubo

Ukulinganisa i-impedance kunye nokulinganisa inqanaba kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kumba woqhagamshelwano lwesixhobo.Ibhalansi kunye nokungalungelelani kuhambelana nendawo yesalathiso.Ixabiso lokumelana (Ixabiso le-Impedance) zombini iziphelo zomqondiso emhlabeni zilingana, kwaye i-polarity ichasene, igalelo elilinganayo okanye imveliso.Ekubeni iimpawu zokuphazamiseka ezifunyenwe kwii-terminals ezimbini ezilinganayo zinexabiso elifanayo kunye ne-polarity efanayo, iimpawu zokuphazamiseka zingakhansela omnye komnye kumthwalo wokuhanjiswa okulinganayo.Ke ngoko, isekethe elungeleleneyo inoxinzelelo olungcono lwendlela eqhelekileyo kunye nobuchule bokuchasana nokuphazamiseka.Uninzi lwezixhobo zeaudio zobuchwephesha zamkela uqhagamshelo olulungeleleneyo.

Uqhagamshelwano lwesithethi kufuneka lusebenzise iiseti ezininzi zeentambo ezimfutshane zesithethi ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwemigca.Ngenxa yokuba ukuchasana komgca kunye nokuchasana kwemveliso ye-amplifier yamandla kuya kuchaphazela ixabiso eliphantsi le-Q ye-speakers yesistim yesithethi, iimpawu zexeshana ze-frequency ephantsi ziya kuba zibi kakhulu, kwaye umgca wokuhambisa uya kuvelisa ukuphazamiseka ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kweempawu zomsindo.Ngenxa ye-capacitance esasazwayo kunye ne-inductance yokusasazwa komgca wokuhambisa, zombini zineempawu ezithile zokuphindaphinda.Ekubeni umqondiso uqulunqwe ngamacandelo amaninzi, xa iqela leempawu zomsindo eziqulunqwe ngamacandelo amaninzi aphindaphindiweyo zidlula kumgca wokuhambisa, ukulibaziseka kunye nokunciphisa okubangelwa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo, okubangelwa ukubizwa ngokuba yi-amplitude ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesigaba.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukugqwetheka kuhlala kukho.Ngokwemeko yethiyori yomgca wothumelo, imeko yokulahleka kwe-R = G = 0 ayiyi kubangela ukuphazamiseka, kwaye ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo akunakwenzeka.Kwimeko yokulahlekelwa okulinganiselweyo, imeko yokuhanjiswa kwesignali ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka yi-L / R = C / G, kwaye umgca wokuhambisa iyunifomu uhlala u-L / R

6. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo

Ngaphambi kohlengahlengiso, qala ngokuseta inqanaba lenkqubo yegophe ukwenzela ukuba inqanaba lophawu lwenqanaba ngalinye libe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluguquguqukayo lwesixhobo, kwaye akuyi kubakho ukunqunyulwa okungeyo-layini ngenxa yenqanaba lophawu oluphezulu kakhulu, okanye inqanaba lophawu olusezantsi kakhulu ukubangela isiginali. -ukuthelekisa ingxolo Umbi, xa ubeka i-curve level level, i-curve level of the mixer ibaluleke kakhulu.Emva kokumisela umgangatho, uphawu lwenkqubo yefrikhwensi lunokulungiswa.

Izixhobo zale mihla zobuchule be-electro-acoustic ezinomgangatho ongcono ngokubanzi zineempawu ezisicaba kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-20Hz-20KHz.Nangona kunjalo, emva koqhagamshelo lwamanqanaba amaninzi, ngakumbi izithethi, zisenokungabi neempawu ezithe tye kakhulu.Eyona ndlela ichanekileyo yohlengahlengiso yindlela epinki yengxolo-spectrum yokuhlalutya.Inkqubo yohlengahlengiso lwale ndlela kukufaka ingxolo epinki kwinkqubo yesandi, ukuyidlala kwakhona sisithethi, kwaye usebenzise i-microphone yokuvavanya ukuthabatha isandi kweyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yokuphulaphula eholweni.Imakrofoni yovavanyo iqhagamshelwe kwi-analyzer ye-spectrum, i-analyzer ye-spectrum inokubonisa iimpawu ze-amplitude-frequency ze-holo sound system, kwaye emva koko ulungelelanise ngononophelo i-equalizer ngokweziphumo zomlinganiselo we-spectrum ukwenza iimpawu ze-amplitude-frequency ngokubanzi.Emva kohlengahlengiso, kungcono ukujonga iifomati zamaza kwinqanaba ngalinye kunye ne-oscilloscope ukubona ukuba inqanaba elithile linokuphazamiseka kokuqhawula okubangelwa luhlengahlengiso olukhulu lwe-equalizer.

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo: amandla ombane kufuneka azinzile;iqokobhe lesixhobo ngasinye kufuneka libekwe kakuhle ukuthintela ukugquma;igalelo lomqondiso kunye nemveliso kufuneka zilinganiswe;thintela i-wiring ekhululekile kunye ne-welding engaqhelekanga.