Isiphumo sentsebenzo senkqubo yesandi simiselwe ngokudibeneyo zizixhobo zentsingiselo kunye noqinisekiso lwesandi esilandelayo, esiquka umthombo ofanelekileyo, ukuntywila, izixhobo zomzimba, izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano.

I-1. Inkqubo yeNkqubo

Imakrofoni likhonkco lokuqala lenkqubo yokuqiniswa kwesandi yesandi okanye inkqubo yokurekhoda, kunye nomgangatho wayo ngokuthe ngqo kuchaphazela umgangatho wenkqubo yonke. I-microPhones yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: icinyiwe kwaye ingenazingcingo ngokwendlela yokudluliselwa kwesiginali.

Imibhobho engenantambo ilungele ngokukhethekileyo ekuthatheni imithombo yesandi eselula. Ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuphononongwa kwesandi samaxesha ahlukeneyo, inkqubo yombhobho engenazingcingo inokuxhotyiswa nge-microphone yesandla kunye nombhobho weLalier. Kuba iStudio inenkqubo yokuqiniswa kwesandi kwangaxeshanye, ukwenzela ukuthintela ingxelo ye-ACoustic, i-microphone yesandla esingenazingcingo kufuneka isebenzise i-bidiofowuni esondeleyo yentliziyo yokuthetha nokucula. Kwangelo xesha, inkqubo ye-micromon engenazingcingo kufuneka ibe netekhnoloji yokufumana iyantlukwano, engenako ukuphucula uzinzo lophawu olufunyenweyo, kodwa lunceda ukuphelisa umqondiso ofileyo.

Imakrofoni eqhotyoshelweyo inomsebenzi ophumeleleyo, i-mine-tem uqwalaselo lwenqanaba le-Multine. Ukufakelwa kolwimi okanye ukucula komxholo, i-Cardioid Consenser mics isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye i-Weratoreg isetyenziselwa imicrosernes inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinesandi esisigxina; I-microphone-chwether-microphonenes ye-complesser enesikhokelo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhetha imiphumo yendalo; Izixhobo ze-percussion zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zemvakalelo ezinokuhamba ngemini mbopha; Isiphelo esiphezulu semifanekiso enesiphelo somtya, iikhibhodi kunye nezinye izixhobo zomculo; I-microphones ephezulu yokuthetha-ntamkhulu inokusetyenziswa xa iimfuno zengxolo zendalo ziphezulu; I-gooseneck ye-gooseneck ye-gooseness isetyenziselwa ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuguquguquka kweqonga lemidlalo yeqonga lethiyetha.

Inani kunye nohlobo lweemakrophones ezinokukhethwa ngokweemfuno zendawo.

I-2. Inkqubo yokutsala

Eyona nxalenye iphambili yenkqubo yokuthengiswa ngumxube, enokukhulisa, inomdla, kwaye ilungelelanise i-Internal Ingqwalaselo yesandi semithombo yamanqanaba kwaye ihlawule; Sebenzisa ilingana iqhotyoshelweyo ukuqhubekisa ibhendi nganye rhoqo yomqondiso; Emva kokuhlengahlengisa umyinge wokudibanisa isitayile ngasinye, ijelo ngalinye labiwe kwaye lithunyelwe kwi-uphela efumanayo; Lawula umqondiso wokuqiniswa kwesandi esiphilayo kunye nokurekhoda umqondiso.

Kukho izinto ezimbalwa zokunikela ingqalelo xa usebenzisa umxube. Okokuqala, khetha amacandelo afakiweyo kunye nezibuko ezinkulu zentengo ethwele amandla kunye nokuphendula rhoqo rhoqo. Unokukhetha nayiphi na igalelo le-microphone okanye igalelo lomgca. Igalelo ngalinye lineqhosha eliqhubekayo lokulawula inqanaba kunye ne-48V phantom phantom phantom. . Ngale ndlela, igalelo lejelo ngalinye linokwandisa inqanaba lesiginali yemveliso ngaphambi kokuba isebenze. Okwesibini, ngenxa yeengxaki zengxelo yengxelo kunye nenqanaba lokubeka esweni ukuqiniswa kwesandi, ukulungelelaniswa kwamacandelo okufakelwa, iziphumo ezincedisayo, kwaye kungcono kulungelelwaniso. Okwesithathu, ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo, umxube unokuxhotyiswa ngamandla amabini aphambili kunye nokulinda amambane, kwaye unokutshintsha iSigaba seSiphawuli seSiphawuli)

I-3. Izixhobo zomdiza

Ukuqiniswa kwesandi sesandi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe inqanaba elinesandi soxinzelelo lwesandi sesandi ngaphandle kokuvelisa ingxelo ye-acoustic, ukuze izithethi kunye namandla Amlifiers zikhuselekile. Kwangelo xesha, ukuze ugcine ukucaca kwesandi, kodwa nokwenza iintsilelo zobunzulu besandi, kuya kufuneka ukuba ufaka izixhobo zesandi phakathi komxube kunye ne-Amputer Amputer, i-compressors, umsasazi wesandi, umsasazi wesandi.

I-Resquency Aquintizer kunye neNkxaso-mali yengxelo isetyenziselwa ukucinezela ingxelo yesandi, yenza isiphene esivakalayo, kwaye uqiniseke ngokucacileyo. I-compressor isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Amplifier yamandla ayiyi kubangelanga ngaphezulu okanye ukugqobhoza xa kudibene nencopho enkulu yomqondiso wegalelo, kwaye inokukhusela amandla kunye nezithethi. Umcukuce usetyenziselwa ukuhombisa isiphumo esifanelekileyo, oko kukuthi, ukuphucula umbala wesandi, ukungena, kunye nemvakalelo ye-stereo, ukucaciswa kunye ne-bass. I-frequider displaider isetyenziselwa ukuthumela imiqondiso ye-frequenc eyahlukeneyo ye-Amplisiers, kwaye amandla Amlifi akhupha imiqondiso efanelekileyo kwaye azikhuphe kwizithethi. Ukuba ufuna ukuvelisa inkqubo yokuphucula imeko ephezulu, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-3-subment ye-elektroniki kuyilo lwenkqubo yokuqiniswa kwesandi.

Zininzi iingxaki ekufakweni kwenkqubo yeaudiyo. Ukuqwalaselwa okungafanelekanga kwendawo yoqhagamshelo kunye nokulandelelana kwezixhobo zomphetho kuphumela ekusebenzeni okungaphelelanga kwezixhobo, kwaye kwanezixhobo kutshiswa. Unxibelelwano lwezixhobo eziphefumlelweyo zifuna uku-oda: Isilinganiselo sibekwe emva komxube; Kwaye i-akhawunti yengxelo ayifanele ibekwe phambi komlinganiso. Ukuba imvumelwano yengxelo ibekwe phambi komlinganiso, kunzima ukuphelisa i-ACoustic ingxelo ye-ACoustic, engahambelaniyo nokwenza ingxelo yohlengahlengiso; I-compressor kufuneka ibekwe emva komlinganiso kunye nengxelo yengxelo, kuba umsebenzi ophambili we-compressor kukucinezela imiqondiso egqithisileyo kwaye ukhusele amaNqaku aMandla; Umnxibelelanisi uqhagamshelwe phambi kwe-Amplifier yamandla; I-elektroni ye-elektroniki iqhagamshelwe ngaphambi kokuba i-Amplifier efunekayo.

Ukwenza inkqubo erekhodiweyo Fumana iziphumo ezilungileyo, iiparamitha ze-compressor kufuneka zilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Nje ukuba i-compressor ingena kwimeko yokucinezelwa, iya kuba nefuthe elitshabalalisayo kwisandi, ke uzame ukuphepha i-compressor kwimo enyanzelisiweyo ixesha elide. Umgaqo osisiseko wokudibanisa i-compressor kwijelo lokwanda kokwandiswa kukuba izixhobo zomphetho emva kwakhe akufuneki zibe nomsebenzi wokukhusela okona kuninzi. Yiyo loo nto isilinganisi kufuneka sibekwe phambi kwengxelo yengxelo, kwaye i-compressor ibekwe emva kwengxelo.

Umchulumancili usebenzisa i-psychoacoustic phenomena ye-psychoacoustic ukwenza izinto ezinamaxesha amaninzi ngokwenziwa kwisandi esisiseko sesandi. Kwangelo xesha, umsebenzi wokwandiswa okuphantsi komhlaba unokwenza izinto ezinamaxesha amaninzi kwaye aphucule ngakumbi ithoni. Ke ngoko, uphawu oluvakalayo oluveliswa ngumnxibelelanisi unendawo ethe tyaba. Ukuba ibhendi ye-frequency ye-compressor ibanzi kakhulu, inokwenzeka ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba i-chader ixhunyiwe ngaphambi kwe-compressor.

Iqela le-elektroniki ixhunyiwe phambi kwe-Amplifier eMandla njengoko kufuneka ihlawule iziphene ezibangelwe yindawo esisingqongileyo kunye nempendulo ejikelezayo yemithombo yolwazi eyahlukeneyo; Esona sizathu sincinci kukuba unxibelelwano kunye nokulungisa ingxaki kwaye kulula ukubangela iingozi. Okwangoku, iiprosesa zedijithali zedijithali zivele, kwaye zinokusebenza apha ngasentla, kwaye zinokuba kukrelekrele, zilula ukusebenza, kwaye ziphezulu kakhulu.

I-4. Inkqubo yokuqiniswa kwesandi

Inkqubo yokuqiniswa kwesandi kufuneka inikele ingqalelo kuba kufuneka ihlangane namandla esandi kunye nezandi okanye ukufana kwendalo; Ukumiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezithethi eziphilayo kunokuphucula ukucaciswa kwesandi sokuqiniswa, ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kunye nengxelo ye-acoustic; Inani elipheleleyo lombane lenkqubo yokuqiniswa kwesandi kufuneka igcinelwe i-30% -50% yamandla ogcino; Sebenzisa iifowuni zokujonga ngaphandle kwentambo.

I-5. Unxibelelwano lwenkqubo

Ukuthelekiswa nokudibanisa kunye nokuthengiswa kwenqanaba kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kumcimbi wokuqhagamshelwa kwesixhobo. Ibhalansi kunye nokungalingani zihambelana nendawo ekubhekiswa kuyo. Ixabiso lokuchasana (ixabiso lokufumana ixabiso) kwiziphelo zozibini umqondiso emhlabeni ziyalingana, kwaye i-polacy ihambelana, igalelo elilungeleleneyo okanye iziphumo. Kuba imiqondiso yokuphazamiseka ifunyenwe ziziphelo ezimbini ezilungeleleneyo zixabiseke ngokusisiseko kunye ne-polay efanayo, imiqondiso yokuphazamiseka inokurhoxisa omnye komnye umthwalo wosulelo olungeleleneyo. Ke ngoko, isiphaluka esicocekileyo sinemodyuli yokucinezelwa ngcono kunye nobuchule bokuphatha. Uninzi lwezixhobo ze-Audio of Eudio zamkela unxibelelwano olulinganayo.

Unxibelelwano lwesithethi kufuneka lusebenzise iiseti ezininzi ze-smerles ezimfutshane zesithethi ukunciphisa ukunganyangeki komgca. Kuba ukunyangwa komgca kunye nokungaxhathisi kwemveliso yeAmplifier kuya kuchaphazela ixabiso le-Special Quod System, iimpawu zethutyana zendlela ephantsi iya kuba mandundu, kwaye umgca wokuhambisa uya kuvelisa ukugqwetha ngexesha lokuhambisa imiqondiso. Ngenxa yokuxhotyiswa okugxothiweyo kunye nokusasazwa kwesiphumo somgca wokuhambisa, zombini zineempawu ezithile. Ukusukela oko umqondiso wenziwa ngamacandelo amaninzi asemva koko, xa iqela lemiqondiso yeaudiyo edityaniswe ngamacandelo amaninzi, ukulibaziseka okubangelwa kukugqwetha okwahlukileyo, kubangelwa kukugqwetha okubizwa ngokuba kukugqwetha. Ngokubanzi, ukugqwetha kuhlala kunjalo. Ngokutsho kwemeko yethiyori yomgca wokuhambisa, imeko elahlekileyo ye-R = g = 0 ayiyi kubangela ukugqwetha, kwaye ukungaphuhli ngokupheleleyo akunakwenzeka. Kwimeko yokulahleka okulinganiselweyo, imeko yokudluliselwa kwesiginali ngaphandle kwegqwetha ngu-L / R = c / g, kunye neyona ndlela yokwenyani yothungelwano ihlala i-l / r

I-6. Ukuphelelwa yinkqubo

Phambi kohlengahlengiso, qala usete i-curve yenqanaba lenkqubo ukuze inqanaba lesiginali lenqanaba ngalinye lingaphantsi kwenqanaba eliphambili lesona, okanye iqhinga elisezantsi le-Commar ngenxa ye-curve yenqanaba lenkqubo, i-curve yenqanaba ibaluleke kakhulu. Emva kokubeka inqanaba, inkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo inokuhlukunyezwa.

Izixhobo ze-eleaustic zanamhlanje ezinomgangatho ongcono ngokubanzi zineempawu zeflethi ezinamafutha kwi-20hz-20kz. Nangona kunjalo, emva koqhagamshelo lwenqanaba lamanqanaba amaninzi, ngakumbi izithethi, zisenokuba azinazimpawu zeflethi zeflethi. Indlela yohlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo ichanekile kwindlela yokuhlalutya i-pinki. Inkqubo yohlengahlengiso yale ndlela kukufaka ingxolo ye-pinki kwinkqubo yesandi, iphinde iphinde iphinde i-Somlomo, kwaye isebenzise imakrofoni yovavanyo ukuze ithathe isandi sesona simo sengqondo sokumamela kwiholo. I-microphone yovavanyo iqhagamshelwe kwi-valoctrium ye-spectrum, i-spectrum ibonisa iimpawu ze-AMLLTECY ukulungiselela inkqubo yesandi, emva koko ihlengahlengise ilingayisi ngokwemifanekiso ye-AMLCHEATEX ye-AMPREATEX. Emva kohlengahlengiso, kungcono ukukhangela i-waveron yenqanaba ngalinye nge-oscilloscope ukubona ukuba inqanaba elithile liqhiphuke i-disorting ebangelwe sisilinganiselo esikhulu.

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo: I-voltage yokuhambisa amandla kufuneka izinzile; Iqokobhe lesixhobo ngasinye kufuneka libekwe kakuhle ukukhusela huhu; Igalelo lomqondiso kunye nemveliso kufuneka zilungelelaniswe; thintela i-wiring ye-wiring kunye ne-welting engaqhelekanga.