Ulwahlulo lwesandi olusebenzayo lukwabizwa ngokuba lulwahlulo lwefrikhwensi esebenzayo. Kukuba isignali yesandi yehost yahlulwe kwiyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi yehost ngaphambi kokuba ikhuliswe yisekethe ye-amplifier yamandla. Umgaqo kukuba isignali yesandi ithunyelwa kwiyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (i-CPU) yehost, kwaye iyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi yesignali yesandi yehost yahlulwe yaba yisignali yefrikhwensi ephantsi kunye nesignali yefrikhwensi ephezulu ngokwemida yempendulo yefrikhwensi, kwaye emva koko izignali ezimbini ezahlulweyo zifakwa kwisekethe yokukhulisa kwaye zikhuliswe ngokwahlukeneyo. Indlela yokwahlula ifrikhwensi yedijithali.

Ulwahlulo lwesandi esingasebenziyo, olukwabizwa ngokuba lulwahlulo lwesandi esingasebenziyo, kukuba isignali yesandi ikhuliswa yisekethe ye-amplifier yamandla ize yahlulwe yi-crossover engasebenziyo, ize ingeniswe kwi-tweeter okanye kwi-woofer ehambelanayo. Umgaqo kukuba isandi esisebenza rhoqo sihluzwe yisekethe ye-inductance, sishiye isandi esisebenza rhoqo esiphantsi, size singeniswe kwi-woofer. Isandi esisebenza rhoqo sihluzwa yi-electrolytic capacitor kwaye isandi esisebenza rhoqo sishiywe, size singeniswe kwi-tweeter. Indlela yolwahlulo lwesandi ilungiswa yi-resistor eguquguqukayo.

Ulwahlulo lwesandi olusebenzayo kufuneka lube yiyunithi ephambili enomsebenzi wolwahlulo lwefrikhwensi esebenzayo okanye yongeze i-digital active crossover emva kokuphuma komsindo kwiyunithi ephambili. Ngokubanzi, iimodeli eziphezulu zeyunithi ephambili ye-Alpine zinomsebenzi wolwahlulo lwefrikhwensi esebenzayo. Iphawulwa ngamanqaku achanekileyo e-crossover kunye nolwahlulo lwefrikhwensi. Isandi sicocekile emva kolwahlulo lwefrikhwensi.

Izipikha ezisebenzayo zisetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi. Izipikha ezincinci zeWalkman zizipikha ezisebenzayo, oko kukuthi, iseti yee-amplifier zongezwa kwibhokisi yesipikha ngokubanzi. Xa sifuna ukuyisebenzisa, sifuna isiteji sangaphambili kuphela hayi isiteji sangasemva. I-active internal isebenzisa indlela yokwahlula isandi nge-elektroniki, kwaye isusa ingxaki yokufanisa nesigaba sangasemva esifanelekileyo; isipikha esingasebenziyo sisipikha esiqhelekileyo esinothungelwano olunye kuphela ngaphakathi.

Isigaba sangaphambili esisebenzayo sisigaba sangaphambili se-IC, i-transistor, kunye netyhubhu ye-vacuum esiyibona ngokubanzi. Sinefuthe lokukhulisa xa isignali ingena ize iphume. Olu hlobo lwesigaba sangaphambili lunokusebenza ngokuguquguqukayo okuphezulu, kwaye iimpawu zemodeli nganye nazo zihlukile kwi-timbre. Isigaba sangaphambili esingasebenziyo sisithinteli sokulawula ivolumu, imveliso yaso iya kuba ncinci kunengeniso, kodwa imeko yokubonisa ithoni incinci, ngesiqhelo umahluko omncinci kuphela, hayi njenge-amplifier yesigaba sangaphambili esisebenzayo yahlukile kakhulu.