Iseti yezixhobo zesandi zeqonga zobungcali ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweqonga. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zesandi zeqonga ezikwimarike ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima obuthile ekukhetheni izixhobo zesandi. Enyanisweni, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, izixhobo zesandi zeqonga zobungcali ziquka imakrofoni + umxube + i-amplifier + isithethi. Ukongeza kumakrofoni, umthombo wesandi ngamanye amaxesha ufuna iiDVD, iikhompyutha ukuze udlale umculo, njl. Ungasebenzisa neekhompyutha kuphela. Kodwa ukuba ufuna iziphumo zesandi zeqonga zobungcali, ukongeza kubasebenzi bokwakha beqonga abangochwephesha, kufuneka wongeze izixhobo zesandi ezifana neeprosesa, i-power sequencer, ii-equalizers, kunye ne-voltage limiters. Makhe sazise ukuba zeziphi izixhobo zesandi zeqonga zobungcali zobungcali:

1. Ikhonsoli yokuxuba: isixhobo sokuxuba isandi esinee-channel inputs ezininzi, isandi setshaneli nganye sinokucutshungulwa ngokwahlukeneyo, ngee-channels zasekhohlo nasekunene, ukuxuba, ukujonga imveliso, njl. Sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiinjineli zesandi, iinjineli zokurekhoda isandi kunye nabaqambi bomculo ukwenza umculo nokudala isandi.

2. I-Power amplifier: Isixhobo esiguqula imiqondiso ye-audio voltage ibe yimiqondiso yamandla elinganisiweyo ukuze izithethi ziqhube ukuvelisa isandi. Imeko yokufana kwamandla e-power amplifier kukuba i-output impedance ye-power amplifier ilingana ne-load impedance yesithethi, kwaye amandla e-output e-power amplifier ahambelana namandla esithethi.

3. I-Reverberator: Kwinkqubo yesandi seeholo zomdaniso nakwiindawo ezinkulu zeekonsathi zokukhanyisa eqongeni, inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kukuphindaphinda kwamazwi abantu. Emva kokuba ukucula komntu kucutshungulwe ngokuphindaphindwa, kunokuvelisa uhlobo lobuhle besandi se-elektroniki, nto leyo eyenza ilizwi lokucula libe lodwa. Linokufihla ezinye iziphene kwilizwi labaculi abangengabo abaculi, njengokurhoxa, ingxolo yomphimbo, kunye nengxolo yesandi ngenkqubo yokuphinda kuphindaphindwe, ukuze ilizwi lingabi mnandi kangako. Ukongeza, isandi sokuphinda kuphindaphindwe sinokulungisa ukungabikho kweethoni ezingaphaya kwesiqhelo kwisakhiwo sesandi sabaculi abangengabo abenza uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lwelizwi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwisiphumo seekonsathi zokukhanyisa eqongeni.

4. Isihluzi seefrikhwensi: Isekethe okanye isixhobo esilawula ukwahlulwa kwefrikhwensi sibizwa ngokuba sihluzi seefrekhi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezihluzi zeefrekhi. Ngokweefom ezahlukeneyo zemiqondiso yazo yokwahlulahlula ifrikhwensi, kukho iintlobo ezimbini: ukwahlulwa kweefrekhi yesine kunye nokwahlulwa kweefrekhi yepulse. Umsebenzi wayo osisiseko kukwahlula isignali yesandi yebhendi epheleleyo ibe ziibhendi zeefrekhi ezahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno zesithethi esidibeneyo, ukuze iyunithi yesithethi ifumane isignali yokuvuselela yebhendi yeefrekhi efanelekileyo kwaye isebenze kwimeko efanelekileyo.

5. I-Pitch shifter: Njengoko abantu beneemeko ezahlukeneyo zelizwi, banezidingo ezahlukeneyo zepitch yomculo ohambisanayo xa becula. Abanye abantu bafuna ukuba phantsi, kwaye abanye kufuneka babe phezulu. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka ukuba ithoni yomculo ohambisanayo ilungelelaniswe neemfuno zomculi, kungenjalo ilizwi lokucula kunye ne-accompaniment ziya kuvakala zingavisisani. Ukuba usebenzisa iteyipu ehambisanayo, kufuneka usebenzise i-pitch shifter xa uguqula i-pitch.

6. ICompressor: Ligama elidibeneyo lokudibanisa icompressor kunye nelimiter. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukukhusela i-power amplifier kunye nezithethi (izithethi) kunye nokudala izandi ezikhethekileyo.

7. Iprosesa: Ibonelela ngeziphumo zesandi, kubandakanya ukuvakala kwesandi, ukulibaziseka, isandi kunye nezixhobo zesandi zokucubungula isandi esikhethekileyo.

8. Isilinganisi: Sisixhobo sokunyusa nokunciphisa amaza ahlukeneyo kunye nokulungisa umlinganiselo we-bass, i-midrange, kunye ne-treble.

9. Izikhulisi-lizwi kunye nezithethi: Izikhulisi-lizwi zizixhobo eziguqula izibonisi zombane zibe ziimpawu ze-acoustic. Ngokomgaqo, kukho uhlobo lombane, uhlobo lwe-electromagnetic, uhlobo lwe-piezoelectric ceramic type electrostatic kunye nohlobo lwe-pneumatic.

Isithethi, esaziwa ngokuba yibhokisi yesithethi, sisixhobo esifaka iyunithi yesithethi kwikhabhinethi. Asiyonto evakalayo, kodwa sisixhobo esincedisa isandi esibonisa kwaye sityebise i-bass. Sinokwahlulwahlulwa sibe ziintlobo ezintathu: izithethi ezivaliweyo, izithethi eziguquliweyo, kunye nezithethi ze-labyrinth. Indawo yesixhobo sesithethi eqongeni ibaluleke kakhulu.

10. Imakrofoni: Imakrofoni yitransducer ye-electro-acoustic eguqula isandi sibe ziimpawu zombane. Yeyona yunithi yahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yesandi. Ngokwendlela eqondisa ngayo, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-non-directivity (circular), i-directivity (cardioid, super-cardioid) kunye ne-directivity enamandla. Phakathi kwazo, i-non-directivity yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuqokelelwa kweebhendi; i-directivity isetyenziselwa ukuqokelelwa kwemithombo yesandi efana nelizwi nokucula; i-directivity enamandla yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuqokelelwa kwesandi somthombo othile we-azimuth, kwaye amacala asekhohlo nasekunene nangasemva kwesandi akhutshelwanga kwindawo yokuqokelelwa kwemakrofoni, kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo komgaqo wokuphazamiseka okudibeneyo kwamaza esandi, imakrofoni encinci eyenziwe ngetyhubhu yokuphazamiseka kwesandi, abantu ababizwa ngokuba yi-gun-type microphone, esetyenziswa kwiqonga lobugcisa kunye nodliwanondlebe lweendaba; ngokwesakhiwo kunye nobubanzi besicelo kwahlula imakrofoni enamandla, imakrofoni yeRibhoni, imakrofoni ye-condenser, imakrofoni yendawo yoxinzelelo-i-PZM, imakrofoni ye-electret, imakrofoni yestereo yesitayile se-MS, imakrofoni ye-reverberation, imakrofoni etshintsha iphimbo, njl.